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Nação e sociedade civil na construção política do Estado
2010. The social construction of the state. Civil society and the nation as the intermediaries between society and the state politics as the reform tool. (ABCP paper)
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Developing Brazil - Overcoming the Failure of the Washington Consensus
2009. An encompassing analysis of the Brazilian macroeconomic system. The failure of the Washington consensus or of conventional orthodoxy in making Brazil to catch up after the 1994 Real Plan stabilized high and inertial inflation. (This book is an atualized version of Macroeconomia da Estagnação)
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Imigração e nacionalismo (Folha, 27.7.09)
2009. Aos imigrantes não resta alternativa senão lutar para que o país respeite seu direito ao multiculturalismo (Article: Folha de S.Paulo).
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Immigration and nationalism (Folha, 27.7.09)
2009. The immigrants have no alternative but to fight in order to see their right to multiculturalism respected in the new country. (Article: Folha de S. Paulo).
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From the national-bourgeois to the associated dependency interpretation of Latin America
2009. Over-exploitation as well as associated dependency interpretations denied the possibity of national bourgeoisies in the region and contributed to weakening Latin American nations. Only a third version of dependency - the national-dependent interpretation - escaped this fate. French version available. (Paper to be published in Latin American Perspectives).
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Nação, sociedade civil, Estado e estado-nação: uma perspectiva histórica
2009. Nation and civil society are forms of politically organized societies, the state, the central institution, and the nation-state the basic territorial-political unity that the Capitalist Revolution originated. (Class Notes)
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Do nacionalismo à dependência
2009. A review of a classical book on the intellectual history of Brazil. Written in a moment where nationalism was beign replaced by dependency interpretation. (Review of Carlos Guilherme Mota (1977 [2008]), Ideologia da Cultura Brasileira).
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Amérique Latine: de la interprétation nationaliste à la interprétation par la dépendance
2009. Over-exploitation as well as associated dependency interpretations denied the possibity of national bourgeoisies in the region and contributed to weakening Latin American nations. Only a third version of dependency - the national-dependent interpretation - escaped this fate. English version available. (Paper: Revue Tiers Monde).
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Debemos ser tan nacionalistas como Francia e Inglaterra (Pagina 12, 25.1.09)
2009. The idea that developing countries need foreign capitals to grow is false. By apreciating the exchange rate, capitals turn into consumption, not in investment. (Interview of Natalia Aruguete in Página 12)
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Desenvolvimento econômico e revolução capitalista
2008. Economic development as well as nations, the modern state, and the nation-state are outcomes of the Capitalist Revolution - this tectonic structural change formed by three sub-revolutions: the Commercial, the National and the Industrial revolutions.(Paper)
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A crítica contemporânea ao imperialismo
2008. In this book, Ha-Joon shows again how imperialism works in relation to developing countries. (Preface to Maus Samaritanos)
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Burocracia pública na construção do Brasil
2008. Brazilian public bureaucracy always played a major role in the construction of the Brazilian nation and of the Brazilian state. (Draft of future book)
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Nacionalismo no centro e na periferia do capitalismo
2008. Nationalism is a major ideology of capitalism together with liberalism, socialism, efficientism and ambientalism. It is the ideology of the nation and of economic development. When radical, or ethnic, it is dreadful. (Paper: Revista Estudos Avançados (- da USP))
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Nação, estado, estado-nação
2008. The distinction between nation, state and nation-state. (Note)
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The key institution to economic growth
2008. Economic growth is the outcome of a national strategy of development. The characteristics and main tensions involved in these national strategies discussed. Improved English version of a paper previously published in Portuguese.
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O novo desenvolvimentismo e a ortodoxia convencional
2007. Paper comparing three growth strategies: old or national-developmentalism, new developmentalism, and Washingtons conventional orthodoxy - actually a form of neutralizing the catching up of medium income countries. English and Spanish versions available. (Paper: Revista São Paulo em Perspectiva)
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Macroeconomics of stagnation and new developmentalism in Latin America
2007.Paper comparing three growth strategies: old or national-developmentalism, new developmentalism, and Washingtons conventional orthodoxy - actually a form of neutralizing the catching up of medium income countries. Slightly improved version in relation to "New developmentalism and conventional orthodoxy". (Paper in the book Keynes for the Twentieth Century)
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Os ciclos da sociedade e do Estado
2007. Brazilian society underwent two cycles in the twentieth century (Nação e Desenvolvimento and Democracia e Justiça), followed, with a gap, by the respective political coalition at state level. (Section of the book Macroeconomia da Estagnação)
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Chained cycles of society and the state in Brazil
2007. Brazilian society underwent two cycles in the twentieth century, followed, with a gap, by the respective political coalition. Between the beginning of the century and 1964, the first society cycle, “Nação e Desenvolvimento”, corresponded at state level by the National-Developmentalist political pact (1930-1984). The second , “Democracia e Justiça Social”, begins in the late 1960s and gets exhausted in middle 2000s. It correspond to two political coalitions: first, between 1977 and 1987, the 1977 Popular-Democratic Pact, that achieves democratic transition and political power in 1985 but collapses two years later it follows a political vacuum and, from 1991 to the present, we have the Liberal-Dependent Pact precariously combined with the democratic and social ideas - and no real economic development. (Section of the book Macroeconomia da Estagnação)
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Brasil perdeu idéia de Nação (Site:www.itv.org.br, 24.8.07)
2007. In globalization nations compete commercially. As Brazil lost the idea of nation, and follows economic policies recommended by our competitors instead of adopting a national growth strategy, it is falling behind. (Entrevista: Instituto Teotônio Vilela)
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Getúlio Vargas: o estadista, a nação e a democracia
2007. Vargas was the statesman that led Brazils national and industrial revolution. Although an authoritarian politician, he created the conditions for consolidated democracy. (Paper: to be published in book edited by Dutra Fonseca Zahluth Bastos)
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Macroeconomia da Estagnação:
Crítica da Ortodoxia Convencional no Brasil pós-1994
2007. An encompassing analysis of the Brazilian macroeconomic system. The failure of the Washington consensus or of conventional orthodoxy in making Brazil to catch up after the 1994 Real Plan stabilized high and inertial inflation. (Book: Editora 34)
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The new developmentalism and conventional orthodoxy
2006. Paper comparing three growth strategies old or national-developmentalism, new developmentalism, and Washingtons conventional orthodoxy - actually a form of neutralizing the catching up of medium income countries. An improved version available with the title “Macroeconomics of stagnation and new developmentalism“.(Paper Iberoamericana).
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El nuevo desarrollismo y la ortodoxia convencional
2007. Paper comparing three growth strategies: old or national-developmentalism, new developmentalism, and Washingtons conventional orthodoxy - actually a form of neutralizing the catching up of medium income countries. Portuguese and English versions available. (Paper: Economía Unam)
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É a competição, estúpido...
2006. A large interview on the Brazilian economy and the lack of a national growth strategy in a global environment defined by high competition among nation-states. (Interview to Laura Greenhalgh: O Estado de S.Paulo).
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PSDB e PT estão superados
2006. Either PT or PSDB have an answer on how to face and overcome the Brazilian economy's 26 years old quasi-stagnation because they lost the idea of nation. (Interview to Rodrigo de Almeida: Jornal do Brasil).
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Acordo nacional no início do século XXI
2006. In order to become again a real nation Brazil needs a encompassing national agreement, where the association between businessmen and the state bureaucracy is key. (Note in , Economia Brasileira na Encruzilhada)
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Fundamentalismo ou libertação nacional?
2006. In the Middle-Orient the key factor is not fundamentalism but the nationalist fight against imperialism using religion as an instrument. This is final version of the article "Fundamentalismo ou nacionalismo?" (Folha de S.Paulo) that was not published due to editing mistake. In this version I "e Robert Pape (University of Chicago) he studied 375 case of suicide attachs, and verified that in 95% the motivation was nacionalist, 5%, relgious. See also Pape's interview in a Folha, 13.6.06.
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Fundamentalismo ou nacionalismo?
2006. In the Middle-Orient the key factor is not fundamentalism but the nationalist fight against imperialism using religion as an instrument. More complete version available. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo)
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Império ou hegemon?
2006. The United States is a 'contemporary empire' whose power derives rather from ideological hegemony than of military capability. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo)
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Estratégia nacional de desenvolvimento
2006. Economic growth is the outcome of a national strategy of development. The characteristics and main tensions involved in these national strategies discussed. See a more complete version in English.(Paper: Revista de Economia Política)
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Duas razões estruturais
2006.2. Social inequality and the loss of the concept of nation are the two structural causes behind Brazil's long term quasi-stagnation. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo)
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Pobreza, terrorismo e autonomia nacional no quadro do sistema global
2005. Transmissible diseases and terrorism are threats that come out of poverty, and, in the second case, from fights for national autonomy. Rich countries should abstain from interferring in developing countries. (Paper: Política Externa)
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Reinventar a nação
2005. Brazil was a nation for some time, but, today, she must reinvented herself as a nation if she wants to resume growth. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo)
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De la Cepal y del Iseb a la teoría de la dependencia
2006. A critique of the two dependency theories (associated and super-exploration) which intended to be an alternative to ISEBs and ECLACs view of Latin American development. Only a third version - national-dependent theory - is consistent with the nation building and growth. Portuguese and English versions available.(Paper)
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Trauma do dominado e discurso da razão
2005. The vigour of the movements of national liberation. Essay based on Gillo Pontecorvo's classical film, "La Bataglia di Algeri". (Article: Valor, Eu & Fim de Semana)
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Do Iseb e da Cepal à teoria da dependência
2005. A critique of the two dependency theories (associated and super-exploration) which intended to be an alternative to ISEBs and ECLACs view of Latin American development. Only a third version - national-dependent theory - is consistent with the nation building and growth. English and Spanish versions available.(Paper in edited book)
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O terceiro discurso
2005. Between the neo-liberal ideology and the old left's beliefs there is a third discourse asking for a consistent national strategy of growth.(Article: Folha de S.Paulo)
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Economista ou Sociólogo do Desenvolvimento
2004. A survey of my work as an economist, sociologist, and political theorist. It includes a re-evaluation of dependency theory. (Paper in book in homage of Bresser-Pereira's 70 years)*
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7 de setembro e FMI
2004. Nacionalism is the ideology which, together with liberalism, cemented the modern nations. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo)
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Estranhas boas razões
2004. Nationalism continues to be criticized, while Brazil is unable to protect its national interest. Meanwhile, rich countries remain deeply nationalist. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo).
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O estadista brasileiro do século 20
2004. Getúlio Vargas was populist in political but not in economic terms. He was Brazils major statesman in the 20th century. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo).
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Macunaíma e Emília na terra do amanhã
2004. Brazil has a strong cultural but a poor national identity. Both identities are not necessarily correlated. (Article: Folha S.Paulo, Mais!).
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O Conceito de Desenvolvimento do ISEB Rediscutido
2004. In the 1950s ISEB developed an original and powerful interpretation of Brazil based on the ideas of capitalist and national revolution. (Paper: Dados)*
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Sem projeto de nação
2004. A successful strategy of growth depends essentially on the existence of a concept of nation - a concept that has been lost, but can be recovered. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo)
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Desenvolvimento e Crise no Brasil (5a. edição)
2003. The patterns of economic development and the political pacts in Brazil from Vargas (1930) to Lula (2003). 5th revised edition almost doubling the size of the book. English version available. (Book: Editora 34)
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Revolução Nacional Interrompida
2002. The Brazilian national revolution will only be completed when its people gets rid of its colonial inferiority complex. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo, 7.8)
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Estado-Nação redescoberto?
2001. The crisis with Canada shows that Brazilian elites are recovering their concept of nation and nationalism.(Article: O Estado de S.Paulo 6.3.2001).
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Identidade e auto-estima do brasileiro
2000. Brazilian tend to identify themselves negavitvely. (Notes of the intervention in Simpósio Freud: Conflito e Cultura Brasil: Psicanálise e Modernismo).
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Entre o globalismo e o velho nacionalismo
2000. Nationalism is the way through which people define their national identity. Brazil should be nationalist as developed countries are. In these countries, government is supposed to protect national labor and national capital the same should be true for Brazil. (Paper in book edited by Henrique Rattner).
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O contrato social ausente
1998. With Yoshiaki Nakano. It is misleading to attribute economic difficulties to politicians and bureaucrats, since incompetent and self-interest policies decided by economists are also responsible. This is more so when the country misses an effective social contract. English version available. (Paper in Estado e Sociedade). This is an imptovred version of "A origem política dos problemas econômicos" (1995).
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A modernização incompleta e pactos políticos
1993. Given its extreme social heterogeneity and the 'contradictory citizenship', there is not a social contract in Brazil. In the recent past, informal growth oriented political pacts replaced a social contracts. The solution for the present crisis depends on the definition of a not growth oriented political pact. French and English versions available.(Paper in book edited by Sola e Paulani).
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Incomplete modernization and political pacts in Brazil
1993. Given social heterogeneity and 'contradictory citizenship', there is not a basic social contract in Brazil, nor an informal growth oriented political pact (that may act as a substitute for a social contract). Available in French and Portuguese. (English version published only in this site).
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Off the mark: the misguided policies of Washington economists
1992. When the costs involved in a given economic policy become excessive, the decision not to adopt the policy is rational rather than political. Reforms that are inefficient are irrational. (Note: Harvard International Review)
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Le Brésil à la derive du monde
1990. After the 1980s major crisis and the exhaustion of the national developmentalist strategy Brazil needs a new international strategy based on a political (not an economic) alliance with United States while protecting our national economic interests. (Published notes for two Paris conferences).
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A estratégia da competitividade e do interesse nacional
1990. This paper discusses two alternatives - neo-liberal and modern progressive - and asserts that Brazil is already sufficiently mature to protect its the national interest. (Paper in the book A Crise do Estado)
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Economic ideologies and the consolidation of democracy in Brazil
1989. The transition to democracy was an outcome of successful political popular-business pact, but mistaken ideoloiges originated in old nationalism and left populism, and on conservative clientelism, opportunism, social conservatism, monetarism, crude liberalism, and subordinated internationalism represent an obstacle to democratic consolidation and growth in Brazil. Portuguese version available.
(Paper in book edited by Diane Ethier)
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Ideologias econômicas e democracia no Brasil
1989. The transition to democracy was an outcome of successful political popular-business pact, but mistaken ideoloiges originated in old nationalism and left populism, and on conservative clientelism, opportunism, social conservatism, monetarism, crude liberalism, and subordinated internationalism represent an obstacle to democratic consolidation and growth in Brazil. (Paper: Estudos Avançados). English version available.
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Nacionalismo e progresso (Gazeta Mercantil, 12.8.1988)
1988. The new Brazilian Constitution includes nationalist articles which will prevent Brazil of receiving necessary direct investments. Gazeta Mercantil, 12.8.1988
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Empresas multinacionais e interesses de classe
1978. Multinational entreprises involve a new form of dependency, requiring carefull scrutiny. Brazil does not need so much of capital as it is said. The Brazilian bourgeoisie is associated to multinationals, but the state's technobureaucracy is not, and may be a source of national autonomy. (Paper: Encontros com a Civilização Brasileira)*
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