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Interpretations of Brazil

Documentos 1 a 60 de 75

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The Political Construction of Brazil

2017. An encompassing analysis of Brazil's society, economy, and politics since the Independence. A national-dependent interpretation. In the bookstores and in kindle



Vídeo: As interpretações da dependência

2020. A critique of "associated dependency theory" which had a strong influence on Brazilian intellectuals and led them ignore the importance of a national project. (Lecture at FAU/USP - Video, 70 minutos)



A Construção Política do Brasil

2014. An encompassing analysis of Brazil's society, economy, and politics since the Independence. A national-dependent interpretation. (Book: Editora 34, updated 3rd edition, 2017). Nas livrarias e Em kindle.



State-society cycles and political pacts in a national-dependent society: Brazil

2015. Brazil is a national-dependent society. The three cycles of its independent history were, successively, "State and Territorial Integration", "Nation and Development" and "Democracy and Social Justice". Portuguese version available. (Paper, Latin America Research Review)



Vícios e virtudes

2015. A summary of A Construção Política do Brazil. The three state-society cycles in the history of Brazil since Independence. The recent class coalitions or political pacts. (Article: O Estado de S.Paulo, Aliás )



Os ricos nunca gostaram e temem a democracia

2015. Long interview. Bresser-Pereira speaks about his life, ideas, and Brazil. (Long interview to Leandro Fontoura, Zero Hora)



Além do ajuste, um acordo político

2015. Brazil needs a social class coalition which have as economic priority an exchange rate floating around the "industrial" or competitive equilibrium. This is the only way to stop deindustrialization. (Article: Folha de S.Paulo).



Brasil, sociedade nacional-dependente

2012. An overview o Brazil since the independence. An interpretation of Brazil considering the political pacts or class coalitions and the growth strategies. (Paper: Novos Estudos, Cebrap)



Os três ciclos da sociedade e do Estado

2012. Brazil is a national-dependent society. The three cycles of its independent history were, successively, "State and Integration", "Nation and Development" and "Democracy and Social Justice". (Paper: Perspectivas) English version available.



O empresário e o intelectual

2012. The Brazilian entrepreneur rejects the dependency claim that a national bourgeoisie cannot exist in Brazil, while for the dependency's intellectuals, only them think properly; the elites as well as the people think poorly. (Article: only in this website).



Desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvimento no Brasil

2011. A summary of Brazil`s development. Why it became backward. How it eventually made its national and capitalist revolution and turned a middle income country. (Article in book edited by André Botelho and Lilia Moritz Schwarcz).



From the national-bourgeoisie to the dependency interpretation of Latin America

2009. Over-exploitation as well as associated dependency interpretations denied the possibility of national bourgeoisies in the region and contributed to weakening Latin American nations. Only a third version of dependency - the national-dependent interpretation - escaped this fate. Published in English in Latin American Perspectives 178, vol. 38 (3) May 2011Portuguese and French versions available. (Paper: Latin American Perspectives).



As três interpretações da dependência

2010. Over-exploitation as well as associated dependency interpretations denied the possibity of national bourgeoisies in the region and contributed to weakening Latin American nations. Only a third version of dependency - the national-dependent interpretation - escaped this fate. English and French versions available. (Paper: Perspectivas).



Amérique Latine: de la interprétation nationaliste à la interprétation par la dépendance

2009. Over-exploitation as well as associated dependency interpretations denied the possibity of national bourgeoisies in the region and contributed to weakening Latin American nations. Only a third version of dependency - the national-dependent interpretation - escaped this fate. English and Portuguese versions available. (Paper: Revue Tiers Monde).



Depois do consenso neoliberal, o retorno dos empresários industriais?

2008. With Eli Diniz. Brazilian industrial entrepreneurs associated with the state bureaucracy were dominant from 1930 to late 1980s. Now, they may be returning to power. At least they are better prepared for that. (Paper to be published)



Burocracia pública e classes dirigentes no Brasil

2007. The Brazilian state bureaucracy was part of the ruling class in association with the industrial bourgeoisie between the 1930s and the 1980s. English version available. (Paper: Revista de Sociologia e Política (Univ.Paraná).



Chained cycles of society and the state in Brazil

2007. Brazilian society underwent two cycles in the twentieth century, followed, with a gap, by the respective political coalition. Between the beginning of the century and 1964, the first society cycle, "Nação e Desenvolvimento", corresponded at state level by the National-Developmentalist political pact (1930-1984). The second , "Democracia e Justiça Social", begins in the late 1960s and gets exhausted in middle 2000s. It correspond to two political coalitions: first, between 1977 and 1987, the 1977 Popular-Democratic Pact, that achieves democratic transition and political power in 1985 but collapses two years later it follows a political vacuum and, from 1991 to the present, we have the Liberal-Dependent Pact precariously combined with the democratic and social ideas - and no real economic development. (Section of the book Macroeconomia da Estagnação)



Burocracia pública e reforma gerencial

2007. The Brazilian public bureaucracy as well as the industrial bourgeoisie are out of the dominant political coalition since late 1980s. Yet, as it is engaged in the 1995 Managerial Reform, it is committed with a project.(Paper Revista do Serviço Público). French version available.



Uma sociedade doente (Folha, 26.03.07)

2007. The Brazilian society is seek because the it faces quasi-stagnation and crisis and has not a clear assessement of the problems it faces.(Article: Folha de S.Paulo).



É a competição, estúpido... (Estado, 26.11.06)

2006. A large interview on the Brazilian economy and the lack of a national growth strategy in a global environment defined by high competition among nation-states. (Interview to Laura Greenhalgh: O Estado de S.Paulo).



Acordo nacional no início do século XXI

2006. In order to become again a real nation Brazil needs a encompassing national agreement, where the association between businessmen and the state bureaucracy is key. (Note in , Economia Brasileira na Encruzilhada)



Os mitos raciais (Folha, 17.07.06)

2006. Brazil is a mixed country but it is not a racial democracy. Affirmative policies are required to reduce racial inequality.(Article: Folha de S.Paulo).



De la Cepal y del Iseb a la teoría de la dependencia

2006. A critique of the two dependency theories (associated and super-exploration) which intended to be an alternative to ISEBs and ECLACs view of Latin American development. Only a third version - national-dependent theory - is consistent with the nation building and growth. Portuguese and English versions available.(Paper)



Do Iseb e da Cepal à teoria da dependência

2005. A critique of the two dependency theories (associated and super-exploration) which intended to be an alternative to ISEBs and ECLACs view of Latin American development. Only a third version - national-dependent theory - is consistent with the nation building and growth. English and Spanish versions available.(Paper in edited book)



From Eclac and Iseb to dependency theory

2005. A critique of the two dependency theories (associated and super-exploration) which intended to be an alternative to ISEBs and ECLACs view of Latin American development. Only a third version - national-dependent theory - is consistent with the nation building and growth. Portuguese and Spanish versions available.(Paper)



Desenvolvimento e Crise no Brasil (5a. edição)

2003. The patterns of economic development and the political pacts in Brazil from Vargas (1930) to Lula (2003). 5th revised edition almost doubling the size of the book. (Book: Editora 34). Nas livrarias.



Identidade e auto-estima do brasileiro

2000. Brazilian tend to identify themselves negavitvely. (Notes of the intervention in Simpósio Freud: Conflito e Cultura Brasil: Psicanálise e Modernismo).



Da política de elites à democracia de sociedade Civil

2000. Brazil, as all new democracies, is a "democracy of elites ". Yet, there are indication of a transition to what may be called "democracy of civil society", where public opinion and public non state political advocacy organizations become relevant. English version available. (In Reis Velloso edited book)



After the elites, civil society's democracy in Brazil

2000. This paper presents a hystorical typology of democracy: elites or Schumpeterian democracy, civil society"s public opinions democracy, participatory democracy, and deliberative democracy. Brazil is in transition from elites democracy to public opinions democracy. Portuguese version available. (Paper: IPSA Congress, Quebec)



Pobres Elites Iluminadas

2000. Brazil, as all new democracies, is an "elites' democracy". Yet, there are indication of a transition to what may be called "civil society´s democracy", where public opinion become relevant (Estudos Avançados, USP)*



Pobres Elites Iluminadas

2000. Brazil, as all new democracies, is an "elites' democracy". Yet, there are indication of a transition to what may be called "civil society´s democracy", where public opinion become relevant (Estudos Avançados, USP)*



Interpretações sobre o Brasil

1997. Update of "Seis Interpretações sobre o Brasil" (1982). It was written when the Cardoso administration was beginning. (Paper in book edited by Maria Rita Loureiro) Italian version available.



Crise Econômica e Reforma do Estado no Brasil

1996. The crisis of the state interpretation. Economic and political analysis of the crisis starting in 1980 in Latin America. English and French versions availalble. (Book: Editora 34) Nas livrarias



Em busca de uma nova interpretação para o Brasil e a América Latina

1996. The dependency interpretation of Brazil should be replaced by the crisis of the state interpretation. (Introduction to Crise Econômica e Reforma do Estado no Brasil. English and French versions available.



Empresários, suas origens e as interpretações do Brasil

1993. In a 1964 I demonstrated that Brazilian entrepreneurs originated from the immigrant middle class. Nevertheless, dependency theory insisted that they originated from the coffee planters. It was a way of rejecting the possibility of a national bourgeoisie. (Paper: Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais)



Empresários, suas origens e as interpretações do Brasil

1993. In a 1964 I demonstrated that Brazilian entrepreneurs originated from the immigrant middle class. Nevertheless, dependency theory insisted that they originated from the coffee planters. It was a way of rejecting the possibility of a national bourgeoisie. (Paper: Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais)



Brésil: Modernisation inachevée et pactes politiques

1993. A new political pact of the Brazilian elites around the idea of national development is a condition for political legitimacy and economic growth. Portuguese and English versions available.(Paper: Problèmes d Amérique Latine)*



Incomplete modernization and political pacts in Brazil

1993. Given social heterogeneity and 'contradictory citizenship', there is not a basic social contract in Brazil, nor an informal growth oriented political pact (that may act as a substitute for a social contract). Available in French and Portuguese. (English version published only in this site).



A modernização incompleta e pactos políticos

1993. Given its extreme social heterogeneity and the 'contradictory citizenship', there is not a social contract in Brazil. In the recent past, informal growth oriented political pacts replaced a social contracts. The solution for the present crisis depends on the definition of a not growth oriented political pact. French and English versions available.(Paper in book edited by Sola e Paulani).



A modernização incompleta e pactos políticos

1993. Given its extreme social heterogeneity and the 'contradictory citizenship', there is not a social contract in Brazil. In the recent past, informal growth oriented political pacts replaced a social contracts. The solution for the present crisis depends on the definition of a not growth oriented political pact. French and English versions available.(Paper in book edited by Sola e Paulani).



The crisis of the state approach to Latin America

1993. After the dependency interpretation of Latin America, now two competing interpretations are present: the neoliberal Washington Consensus and what I propose: the fiscal crisis of the state approach. Portuguese and French versions available. This paper is a preliminary version of my chapter in Economic Reforms in New Democracies (1993). The "fiscal crisis approach" anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Instituto Norte-Sul Discussion Paper)



A crise da América Latina: Consenso de Washington ou crise fiscal?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt and a fiscal crisis of the state crisis. English, French, and Spanish versions available. Pesquisa e Planejamento Econômico 21(1), abril 1991: 3-23.



La crisis de América Latina. ¿Consenso de Washington o crisis fiscal?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt and a fiscal crisis of the state crisis. Portuguese, English, and French versions available. (Paper: Pensamiento Iberamericano)



La crise de la Amérique Latine: Consensus de Washington ou crise budgétaire?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt and a fiscal crisis of the state crisis. Portuguese, English and Spanish versions available. (Paper: Problèmes dAmerique Latine).



Economic crisis in Latin America: Washington consensus or fical crisis approach?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt crisis and a fiscal crisis of the state. Portuguese, French, and Spanish versions available. (English version not published: just available in this site).



O governo Collor e a modernidade em tempos incertos

1991. Collor is rather a modern conservative than a neo-liberal politician. Ideology and modernity in Brazil. (Note: Novos Estudos CEBRAP)*



Crise e renovação da esquerda na América Latina

1990. The three versions of the old left (communist, social-democrat, and developmental) are in crisis because lack a growth strategy. Yet, a modern, social-democrataic, left is emerging. (Paper: Lua Nova)



A estratégia da competitividade e do interesse nacional

1990. This paper discusses two alternatives - neo-liberal and modern progressive - and asserts that Brazil is already sufficiently mature to protect its the national interest. (Paper in the book A Crise do Estado)



Economic ideologies and the consolidation of democracy in Brazil

1989. The transition to democracy was an outcome of successful political popular-business pact, but mistaken ideoloiges originated in old nationalism and left populism, and on conservative clientelism, opportunism, social conservatism, monetarism, crude liberalism, and subordinated internationalism represent an obstacle to democratic consolidation and growth in Brazil. Portuguese version available. (Paper in book edited by Diane Ethier)



Expériences d'un gouvernement: le ministère des Finances au Brésil

1989. A testimony to IUPERJ on the author's experience as Finance Minister in Brazil. I receive the finance ministry when the Great Debt Crisis of the 1980s reaches its peak with the failure of the Cruzado Plan. The emergence "Bresser Plan", and the negotiation of the foreign debt. Available in Portuguese, and in an extended version. (Published in Problèmes d'Amérique Latine)



De volta ao capital mercantil

1988. A critique of Caio Prado Jr.'s application of the concept of mercantilist capitalism to Brazil after 1930; and also a critique of mercantilist (patrimonial) practices in the Sarney administration. (Paper in book edited by Maria Angela D'Incao)



Experiências de um governo

1988. A testimony to IUPERJ (Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos) on the authors experience as Finance Minister of Brazil. Available in French, and also an extended and revised version.(Discussion paper, IUPERJ)



Estado regulador e pacto democrático na América Latina

1985. The transition from the Entrepreneurial to the Regulatory State in Latin America is taking place in the middle of a financial (debt) crisis, the advancement of neo-liberal ideology, and the transition to democracy, after the state completed its role of promoting primitive accumulation. Spanish version available. (Paper in book edited by Atilio Boron Portuguese version just published here)



Possible political pacts after redemocratization

1985 (1988). With the transiction to democracy and the election of Tancredo Neves the probability of a populist political pact is small. The alternatives after democratization are a conservative pact based on the great bourgeoisie, or a progressive one based on the middle classes.Portuguese version available. (Paper in book edited by Chacel, Falk e Fleischer)



Os pactos políticos possíveis depois da redemocratização

1985. With the transiction to democracy and the election of Tancredo Neves the probability of a populist political pact is small. The alternatives after democratization are a conservative pact based on the great bourgeoisie, or a progressive one based on the middle classes. English version available. (Paper in the book Pactos Políticos)



Pactos Políticos: do Populismo à Redemocratização

1985. Collected papers on political pacts and the 1987-85 Brazilian transition to democracy. Complements the analysis originally made in O Colapso de uma Aliança de Classes. (Book: Editora Brasiliense). Sold out. Available in PDF.



Development and Crisis in Brazil, 1930-1983

1984. Economic development, political pacts, and crises in Brazil from 1930 to the early 1980s. English translation of the Portuguese edition. (Book: Westview Press) Available in kindle and print, and in pdf.



Semi-verdades e falsas idéias sobre o Brasil

1983. New historical facts demand new interpretations. Brazil is not anymore a underdeveloped country, multinationals are not the cause of underdevelopment, the bourgeoisie is not authoritarian, technobureaurcrats are not mere staff to the businessmen, income does not necessarily concentrate.(Paper: Novos Estudos Cebrap)



Six interpretations of the Brazilian social formation

1982 (1984). An overview of the political and economic interpretations of Brazil before and after 1964. The two interpretations of Brazil before 1964 (agrarian vocation and national-bourgeois) and the four after 1964 (imperialist, functional-capitalist, dependency, and authoritarian modernization). Portuguese version available. (Paper: Latin American Perspectives).



Seis interpretações sobre o Brasil

1982. An overview of the political and economic interpretations of Brazil before and after 1964. The two interpretations of Brazil before 1964 (agrarian vocation and national-bourgeois) and the four after 1964 (imperialist, functional-capitalist, dependency, and authoritarian modernization). English version available. (Paper: Dados)*




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