Latin America's quasi-stagnation

2001. First economic paper since I left the Cardoso administration in June 1999. Incompetence and subordination to the North characterized Latin American economic policies since the early 1980s'. Portuguese version available with the original title of the paper, "Incompetência e confidence building por trás de 30 anos de quase-estagnação da América Latina". (Paper in book edited by Paul Davidson).

O contrato social ausente

1998. With Yoshiaki Nakano. It is misleading to attribute economic difficulties to politicians and bureaucrats, since incompetent and self-interest policies decided by economists are also responsible. This is more so when the country misses an effective social contract. English version available. (Paper in Estado e Sociedade). This is an improved version of "A origem política dos problemas econômicos" (1995).

The missing social contract

1998. With Yoshiaki Nakano. It is misleading to attribute economic difficulties to politicians and bureaucrats, since incompetent and self-interest policies decided by economists are also responsible. This is more so when the country misses an effective social contract. Portuguese version available. (Paper in edited book by Ducatenzeiler and Oxhorn)

Economic Crisis and State Reform in Brazil

1996. The 'crisis of the state interpretation'. Economic and political analysis of the crisis starting in 1980 in Latin America. Portuguese and French versions available. (Book: Lynne Rienner Publishers) Available in bookstores

Memorandum on Models of Capitalism and Democracy

1994. There are three models of capitalism: the American, the Japanese, and the European or social democratic. The choice criterium is efficiency - what will lead Latin American to choose a combination of the social-democratic and the Japanese (developmental) model. As to democracy, it is a end in itself or a means to freedom and peace, not to economic development. Thus, trade-offs between growth and democracy should not be considered. (Published only in this website)

Une Nouvelle Interpretation de lAmerique Latine

1994. Since 1980 Latin American faced a debt crisis and a crisis of the state, which was also a crisis of the developmentalist interpretation. Now, two competing interpretations are present: the neoliberal Washington Consensus and the fiscal crisis of the state approach. Available in English and Portuguese. (Paper: Cahiers des Amériques Latines)*

Economic reforms and economic growth: efficiency and politics in Latin America

1992. Stabilization and other market-oriented economic reforms face a double challenge in new democracies: they have to be economically effective and politically feasible. Since 1980 Latin America faced a debt crisis and a crisis of the state. Now, two competing interpretations are present the neo-liberal Washington Consensus and the fiscal crisis of the state approach. The later anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Chapter 1 of Economic Reforms in New Democracies).

Uma interpretação da América Latina: a crise do Estado

1993. Since 1980 Latin American faced a debt crisis and a crisis of the state, which was also a crisis of the developmentalist interpretation. Now, two competing interpretations are present: the neoliberal Washington Consensus and the fiscal crisis of the state approach. English and French versions available. This is a preliminary version of my chapter in Economic Reforms in New Democracies, 1993. The "fiscal crisis approach" anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Novos Estudos CEBRAP )*

The crisis of the state approach to Latin America

1993. After the dependency interpretation of Latin America, now two competing interpretations are present: the neoliberal Washington Consensus and what I propose: the fiscal crisis of the state approach. Portuguese and French versions available. This paper is a preliminary version of my chapter in Economic Reforms in New Democracies (1993). The "fiscal crisis approach" anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Instituto Norte-Sul Discussion Paper)

Economic reforms in new democracies: a social-democratic approach

1993. With José María Maravall and Adam Przeworski. The neoliberal economic reforms enacted by Latin Americas and Eastern Europes new democracies have proven inefficient and at times even ineffective. This derives both from a lack of political support and from the dogmatic orthodoxy adopted. This paper corresponds to the Introduction to the book Economic Reforms in New Democracies, 1993. Portuguese version available. (Paper in book by Bresser-Pereira, Maravall Przeworski).

Economic Reforms in New Democracies

1993. With Adam Przeworski and José María Maravall. A social democratic approach and also a crisis of the state approach to economic reforms in new democracies. Portuguese and Spanish versions available. (Book: Cambridge University Press). Available in bookstores

Reformas Econômicas em Democracias Novas

1993. With Adam Przeworski and José María Maravall. A social democratic approach and also a crisis of the state approach to economic reforms in new democracies. English and Spanish versions available.(Editora Nobel, 1996)

O fim do triunfalismo neoliberal

1994. Neoliberal triumphalism is dead. Democratic consolidation in Latin America and Eastern Europe will not be achieved by dismantling the state organization, but by rebuilding it. (Article in "Folha de S. Paulo"),

From Mercosur to the American integration

1992. With Vera Thorstensen. Brazil is going through an important moment in its international relations and foreign trade policies. Portuguese version available. (Paper: published in ECLAC/IDB edited book)

Do Mercosul à integração americana

1992. Com Vera Thorstensen. Brazil is going through an important moment in its international relations and foreign trade policies. English version available. (Paper: Política Externa)

A crise da América Latina: Consenso de Washington ou crise fiscal?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt and a fiscal crisis of the state crisis. English, French, and Spanish versions available. Pesquisa e Planejamento Econômico 21(1), abril 1991: 3-23.

La crisis de América Latina. ¿Consenso de Washington o crisis fiscal?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt and a fiscal crisis of the state crisis. Portuguese, English, and French versions available. (Paper: Pensamiento Iberamericano)

La crise de la Amérique Latine: Consensus de Washington ou crise budgétaire?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt and a fiscal crisis of the state crisis. Portuguese, English and Spanish versions available. (Paper: Problèmes dAmerique Latine).

Economic crisis in Latin America: Washington consensus or fical crisis approach?

1991. An early critique of the Washington consensus. A systematic analysis of the Latin American crisis as a foreign debt crisis and a fiscal crisis of the state. Portuguese, French, and Spanish versions available. (English version not published: just available in this site).

Dolarização crônica: Argentina e Brasil

1991. With Aldo Ferrer. While dollarization is limited in Brazil, is generalized in Argentina (Paper written before the 'plan de convertibilidad': Revista de Economia Política )*

Estado regulador y pacto democrático en América Latina

1985 {1986}. The Entrepreneurial or Producer State was essential to Latin Americas primitive accumulation and industrialization. Now, in the new stage that the more advanced Latin American countries are entering, it is time for the the Regulatory and the Social State. Yet, this transition is taking place together with the transition to democracy, a major debt crisis, and a neo-liberal ideological ofensive. Portuguese version available. (Paper: in book edited by Atilio Boron)*

Estado regulador e pacto democrático na América Latina

1985. The transition from the Entrepreneurial to the Regulatory State in Latin America is taking place in the middle of a financial (debt) crisis, the advancement of neo-liberal ideology, and the transition to democracy, after the state completed its role of promoting primitive accumulation. Spanish version available. (Paper in book edited by Atilio Boron Portuguese version just published here)

As Revoluções Utópicas

1972. Two essays on the 1960s' utopic revolutions: the 1968 student revolution, and the poltical revolution of the Catholic Church, particularly in Latin America. A third edition with a preface was published by Editora 34 in 2006. (Book: Editora Vozes). Esgotado.

As Revoluções Utópicas dos Anos 60

1972/2006. Two essays on the 1960s' utopic revolutions: the 1968 student revolution, and the poltical revolution of the Catholic Church. Introduction to the third edition on "The counter-revolution of our time". (Book: Editora 34 3rd. edition of 1972 book) Nas livrarias.